Essay Ancient Roman Religion - 3532 Words

Elizabeth Berninger Statement of intent Throughout the history of Rome, from the monarchy to the late empire, religion had played a great role in its society and was involved in almost every aspect of the life of the Roman citizen. It was common for each house to have its own patron god/gods and ,on special occasions, the head of the house would make a sacrifice to the personal gods of the family. Also, great festivals were usually held in honor of certain gods and would include spectacles like chariot races and Gladiatorial fights. The religious practices of the ancient Romans are best remembered with grand temples, great festivals and Christian persecution to the final acceptance of Christianity within the Roman empire over the†¦show more content†¦The most notable of these new religions was Christianity ,which had found its roots in the rebellious Roman territory of Judea. And so it Came to pass in those days that a decree went out from Caesar Augstus that whole world should be taxed These famous lines of the Christian Bible describe the first mention of a Roman Emperor and would be remembered throughout history with the birth of Jesus Christ ,the symbol of christianity. Though his life was short and he was crucified at an extremely young age, Jesus developed a cult following due to his presumed miracles and of his preaching of eternal peace and everlasting life. His crucifixion resulted in the spreading of his faith throughout the Roman empire and in the beginning of the end of traditional Roman religion. Ironically enough it was the Romanization of Europe that allowed the Christian faith to easily spread. By the death of Christ, the whole Roman empire was connected with well constructed roads and inns which allowed the prophets to spread their message easily and safely. During the first decades preceding Christs death, Christians were tolerated but not really liked by the general population of the Roman empire due to their refusal to acknowledge the emperor as a living god. This act of defiance was considered heresy by the state .The real mass persecution of the Christian people came during the reign of the emperor Nero who needed a scapegoat on whom to blame the great fire during his reign.Show MoreRelatedThe Ancient Roman And Roman Religion2489 Words   |  10 PagesIn the ancient Roman world, religion played the most important role in everyday life, as well as in matters of the state. The Romans looked to the gods for political stability and for control of the unexplainable and natural phenomenon. The gods were believed to control all aspects of Roman life, and for that reason, a great deal of importance was placed in the appropriate worship of the gods. Women played an extremely influential role in ancient Roman religion. Not only did they participateRead MoreRoman Religion : Ancient Religion3334 Words   |  14 PagesRoman Religion Intro: Roman religion is the belief in the numina (divine powers), which control all natural affairs. It is systems of worship, which must be observed precisely and correctly to at least placate at best, enlist help from those powers. Roman religion is set in stone as originating in the year 753BC, along with the foundation of Rome itself on 21st April, 753BC. On that day each year, the Romans celebrated the traditional festival of the Parilia (the festival was aimed at cleansingRead MoreAncient Greek And Roman Religion Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesThe ancient Greek and Roman religion was the belief in God. They had similar views, but also some differences. It composed of many meaningful Gods and Goddesses that played the part in the everyday life of the average Roman and the Greek citizen. Before going into their beliefs and many strange legends, we must consider what kind of beings these divinities were. From history, there’s the first dynasty that consisted of the origin of the world, Uranus and Ge. The ancient Greeks had several theoriesRead MoreEgyptian Religion s Influence Over Christianity1588 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity Religion is present in almost every single culture in the world and has been for several thousands of years. Egypt is one of the first known and recorded civilizations in the world and has been studied for as long as its artifacts have been founded. In the discoveries of these artifacts, historians have found religious-like stories with Gods and supernatural elements. This is one of the first ever recorded religions in the world and the religions that followed Egyptian religion have takenRead MoreMythical Accounts By Ancient Egypt Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pagesaccounts by the ancient Egyptians employed narratives to express its’ social conventions and the religion’s contextual foundations and influence in society. The myths describe not only the societal hierarchy, but also enactments of rituals and a chronicled view of life in ancient Egypt gripped by religious values. Mythology employs the believer’s creative imagination, where according to Ions: â€Å"Egyp tian myths†¦cannot be considered as fixed stories†¦their function in the Egyptian religion was to provideRead MoreHarsher Struggles for African American Women than Men1441 Words   |  6 PagesA religion is a system of beliefs that explains things about the Universe, answers essential philosophical questions and tells its followers how to live their lives in order to achieve the goal of that religion, whether it be pleasing the gods of the religion, acquiring salvation from a curse, punishment, ailment etc. that the religion claims people or persons have or self-betterment. In the religions of Ancient Egypt, Buddhism and Christianity, a clear link between environment and religion can beRead MoreAncient Egyptian Influence on Modern Religion Essay2829 Words   |  12 PagesEgypt is considered the birthplace of many world religions. It contains some of the oldest religious artifacts, texts, and art that can be traced to modern religions. Signs of early Egyptian religion dat e back to the Predynastic period, beginning with evidence of polytheistic worship. Many scholars have researched the development of Ancient Egyptian religion over the centuries and have studied the direct correlation between it and the modern religions of Judaism and Christianity. Questions arise asRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Revolution And The Religious Services2206 Words   |  9 Pagesfabulous or prompted by superstition, as some believe, was embodied in the religious services, but ideas which either had moral and necessary causes or were not devoid of historical or physical plausibility† (De Iside et Osiride. Plutarch. 8.353e). The Ancient Egyptians craving for Ma’at over Isfet is most prevalent in this perception, with that being said the â€Å"irrational† as well as the â€Å"fabulous† have no reason to exist in the Egyptians, or any, ordered world, thus allowing the creation of the essentialityRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs Fair The Negative Repercussions Of An Incestual Bloodline?2610 Words   |  11 Pagesroyalty and nobility seem to outweigh this fundamental virtue. Nowhere is this more true than in ancient Egypt, where members of the royal family were encouraged to marry and mate with close relatives, even siblings or parents. How did the ancient Egyptian pharaohs fair the negative repercussions of an incestual bloodline? While grandiose archeological findings may indicate that the nobility of ancient Egypt lived a spectacularly lavish lifestyle and were revered as gods, this romantic viewpoint oftenRead MoreThe Most Popular Destination Of The Jewish Peoples Greatest Sym bols Of Intransigence2009 Words   |  9 Pagesduring their last form of resistance against the Romans. Evidence of a siege occurring in this ancient plateau thousands of years ago are primarily sourced by the reminiscence found by archaeologists, as well as first century Jewish Roman historian Josephus. To further understand the history of Masada, prior experiences of society at the time shall be considered; the Jewish society has been condemned and conquered throughout history, as well the Romans height of imperializing and conquering being executed

Abortion Should Be Legalize - 764 Words

Everyone has a different view on abortion. Some think it should be legalized while others think that it shouldn’t be. Nowadays, pregnancy is something you see in everyone from teens to adults. Abortion gives the people the right to decide what’s right for them and what’s not. It should be legal because people should be given the right to decide whether or not they’re ready or not to bring someone else into the world and provide for them. Abortion of course is a terrible thing, you have to put yourself under the knife and actually think â€Å"am I really going to go through with this, is this what I want?† No matter what, no one really wants to abort their child; there is always more to it. Some people feel that if they bring a child into this world it is their responsibility no matter what to be there for them whether they could afford it or not. Some people are just not financially stable or emotionally prepared to give away they’re child to someone else because they won’t be the one raising the kid. No child should ever get the feeling where they feel that their parents are â€Å"stuck† with them; all women should have their own rights to their body. People make mistakes a lot and they shouldn’t have to live with them for the rest of their lives. An example, If teens get pregnant, they should be able to get an abortion because teenagers aren’t capable to give a child their all if their kids themselves, especially if they have a bright future, having a child wouldn’t giveShow MoreRelatedWhy The Government Should Legalize Abortion1420 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Why the federal government should legalize abortion† In the United States, abortion is an issue that arises a lot of arguments not only among normal people but also among politicians from different political parties. There are two major views about abortion which are pro-life and pro-choice. Pro-life supporters basically state that no one can terminate a fetus and the fetus has the right to live. On the other hand, pro-choice supporters believe that no one should be forced to keep the fetusRead MoreShould Abortion be Legal?995 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates over time has been whether to legalize or not to legalize abortion. While some individuals remain hostile towards any move to legalize abortion, others citing a wide range of reasons strongly support the legalization of the same. In my opinion, abortion remains inherently wrong and there can never exist any justification whatsoever to warrant its legalization. Why Abortion should not be Legal To begin with, whichever way one looks at it, abortion essentially concerns itself with the prematureRead MoreLegalizing Abortion770 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing Abortion As the rate of abortion has rapidly increased for past several years, it has been an issue that everyone has thought about it at least once. Abortion is the deliberate killing of the weakest and most defenseless among us. There can be plausible reasons that they support abortion. However, I oppose to legalize abortion because not only that parents should accept the responsibility that comes with producing a child, but also it is highly risky for women both physically and mentallyRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1490 Words   |  6 Pages One of the most controversial debates nowadays is whether abortion should be legalized or not. Having used abortion procedures since 1550 BC, which had been accepted in ancient Rome and Greece without any critics regarding to morality, ethicality or religiosity. It has become a main point of public discussion and one of most banned acts in the last century. In the beginning of the 19th century, this technique was advertised as a legal practice in United States. However, in the early 20th an increaseRead MoreAbortion is Murder Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion has been one of the most popular and argumentative topics that has still yet to be settled. Ultimately the question we can ask when trying to solve this issue is whether or not pregnant women should have the right to kill an unborn baby. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth takes place and is a moral wrong. Can we as a society call ourselves human if we allow the deaths of unborn babies to take place? Those who take the side of pro-choice or as also known as pro-abortion oftenRead MoreThe Legalization of Abortion: an Advantage Taken for Granted1619 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone so much, do you follow your feelings or do you let the rules get in your way? If you were given a choice between following what you believe in and just following the rules, what would you pick? The same concept applies with the issue of abortion. AbortionÂâ€" a procedure that deliberately removes a fetus in a womans wombÂâ€" has been a major issue tackled by numerous countries and worldwide society. It is a process of taking away a child before it is able to live in the outside world. Through theRead MoreAbortion Is The Moral Killing Of A Human Being1712 Words   |  7 Pageshave different aspects towards abortion. Some may argue that abortion should be outlawed and treated like the murder of a human being while others believe abortion should remain a legal choice to all women. The ones who are for abortion have argued that women have a moral right to decide what to do with their own bodies. On the other hand, the ones against abortion like myself have argued that the fetus is a human being from the moment of conception. Therefore, abortion is the moral killing of an innocentRead MoreRunning for Texas Senator1493 Words   |  6 Pagesin a campaign. It helps build a competitive campaign because one is willing to win at all costs. Money contribute s to the advertisements, commercials, and sending out letters to the fellow citizens one represents. At all costs, any Texas candidate should have more than decent amount of money if one wishes to run a campaign. The candidate’s goal with the advertisement, mail, and commercials is simply to get their name across the American people. That would likely have to be a catchy name as well, oneRead MoreThe Need For Civil Disobedience Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pagescivil laws so that the government can change the policy or legislation, characterized by the use of. I have read Thoreau’s essay on civil disobedience and the obligation that your conscience mind follows and in reading this it states that people should not let the governments overrule or atrophy their consciences and that we as people are obligated to not allow the government to make them agents of any type of injustice. (Thoreau, 1849) Thoreau had allot of versions of what people went throughRead MoreEssay about Research Proposal on Abortion758 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Project Proposal Topic: Abortion Psychology 101 Jasmine Payne Summary of Background Research Abortion is a controversial topic that has plagued the country for decades. Even after the 7-2 Supreme Court trial (Roe vs. Wade) made it legal for women to choose to get abortions. This decision was based off the right of privacy coupled with the agreement between the woman and the state. Due to this decision abortion rights vary from state to state, in fact, about 85% of United States

The Siren Song free essay sample

This paper discusses James Joyces famous work Ulysses and what distinguishes it from being a novel versus an opera. This paper takes a look at James Joyces Ulysses which was transformed from a novel into an opera. It analyzes the impact that each of these art forms has on the work and how the format changes. It provides a background of James Joyces life and the background to his writing the novel. Within the novel itself, the Siren Song chapter is analyzed. From the paper: Historians with idle time on their hands occasionally may indulge in moments of wishful revisionism. What if, they say, That young dreamer named Adolph Hitler had been accepted into art school? Wouldnt the world be different? History is littered with celebrities who, for better or worse, had as youngsters fervently wished to be doing something different than their allotted role. Among them was one James Joyce, who, as it so happened, wanted to be a musician. We will write a custom essay sample on The Siren Song or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If Hitler had been an artist instead, he probably would have been drawing propaganda posters for a second World War that would have persisted without his figure head. If James Joyce has been a musician, would he still have created Ulysses? At first glance, of course one must say not. This book is, after all, celebrated as one of the best modern examples of the novel not an opera. However, if what we look for in Ulysses is not its obviously visible shape, but rather, its messages, its rhythms and stories and symbolisms, then it is entirely possible that it would be the same creation if it were suddenly transmutated into music.

Leadership and Communications in Groups

Question: Describe how you will modify your behavior to become a more effective leader and communicator in your profession. Answer: Introduction Leadership is a practical skill and research area which includes the ability of the personal or organization to guide or lead the other members in the company or for the whole company or organization. It is the capability of an organization management to take up the right decisions and motivate others to do well in the respective group. The author leadership style is strategic to employment empowerment. This report contains the analysis of the strategic leadership, and various other discussions have been done in the presented report. Analyzing Leadership Style Leadership Styles has been divided by the qualities of the leader and the way of communication and decision making in employee empowerment. Autocratic is the leadership style in which the leader is solely responsible for the work and decision making process. Hence the employees are not included in managerial decision making process. In a democratic style of leadership, the process of decision making is not entirely dependent on the leader (Wilson, 2012). The communication is restricted and anarchical that hinders effective channeling of idea with the employees. Transformational leadership is the most suitable leadership style for any organization. In this transformational style, the leader is motivators, and they encourage their subordinates and followers (Hackman Johnson, 2013). The style is dependent on the higher level of the communication in the level of management with the employees and workers. The leadership style is noted for the system where the leader engages in work with their subordinates for identifying the required change. They create the vision that helps in the change of the plan for achieving the goal of the organization keeping in minds the employees welfare and empowerment (Chhokar et al., 2013). Transformational leadership style is committed to serving the purpose of enhancement of the moral and performance of the job that enhances the commitment of the employees for the working in the organization. Leadership Qualities Good leadership style promotes their employees and works for the empowerment of the followers (Ng et al., 2015). The leadership qualities that are beneficial for the employee welfare and empowerment are; Integrity: the open mind character of the leader is essential for the development of the organization and employee empowerment. If the employees have complete faith and trust in their leader, then they would not be afraid to speak what they have to say (Bauman, 2013). The term hidden agenda of the employees and talking on the back of the leaders would not be seen in the integrated leadership style. Communication: Effective communication is the major cause for the achieving the goal of the organization. The communication plays a significant role in understanding the problems of the employees and providing them the benefit of the work. If the leadership style follows good communication system, it will allow the employees to be able to communicate with the leader (Barry 2015). The leader should make sure that the employees are in their loop of communication and willingly present their ideas and issues to any decision or department. Hardworking and commitment: The hardworking nature of the leader helps in motivating the employees for working sincerely (Tobin et al., 2014). Every good leader must be committed to the development and effective working environment to the workers. Confidence: Being a leader, confidence plays an important role for the moral support of the employees (Ali et al., 2015). Confidence in a leader shows that controlling nature of the leader that is essential for developing trust among the workers on the leader. Fair: Biasing for any individual worker should be strictly forbidden in any organization. The leader should not show any priority to any member for their personal relationship with the member like friendship. Understanding and Flexibility: A good leader should be flexible regarding working condition on the condition faced. They should understand the problems of their employees and be supportive to them. The leaders should be lenient to the employees for any serious problem or not completing the work because of some valid reason. Inspiring: The leader should be able to be inspirational and influential for his/her followers. Inspiration to the employees can be provided by general peep talks, meeting, re-creational and cultural activities. It serves as a fuel for pushing the employees to perform better. Two Traits Beneficial for Organization There are two traits that every leader has to be to ensure that they become a great leader. The two selective traits are future oriented and positive attitude. These traits are really important for any leader to become an effective leader and which is also beneficial for the organization. The good quality of a good leader is that they think about the future (Ahmed Bach, 2014). They think about where they will be going in future rather than the where they have been. The positive attitude is maintained, and they look for opportunities for tomorrow, and they do not focus on past issues or challenges. This quality is rare among many leaders, and there it will be a great asset to the company if the leaders possess this kind of quality among themselves (Mitgang, 2012). The positive attitude is another trait for the organization and for the leader which is also a great value to the leader. People who have a positive attitude are known to be long-term thinkers; they always see things positi vely and they are always confident with their work and with their attitude and they are always excited about the possibilities. Analyzing Self Evaluation There are multiple phases of self-evaluation such as self-assessment, verification, and enhancement. The self-evaluation is always a critical part for any leader or employee to judge his abilities and by doing this he or she does know that where they need to work on. As far as the author self-evaluation is a concern, the author has to make sure that he or she has to remove the uncertainty from their personality traits or abilities (Day et al., 2014). The author has some difficulty with communication, work ethics, goals or objective orientation and lacks encouraging other teammates for their work. This ability of the author are discussed below in detail that how these quality are significant on the employees empowerment. Effective Leadership and Communication To develop effective leadership and communication quality the author needs to modify or develop some of the mentioned. The most important and key aspect for an effective leader is communication without communication and leader cannot show up his effective leadership qualities. A leader is among one of the workers who has the exceptional skill levels, and he or she can take charge in difficult situations and also guide others who do not have working experience and skill set (Gmelch, 2016). Qualities that the author needs to modify to become an effective leader are mentioned below. Communication an essential key to effective leadership is communication. To be a great and effective leader the author has to be a great communicator. Many great leaders do consider a high standard of communication. The author has to improve the communication with the other members of the company to ensure that they do interchange the right ideas in the workplace, and moreover they do understand what the author has to say. Goal Oriented The author has to have a goal or vision for their respective team, as this goal and visions are completely synchronized with the company objectives and aims. The author needs to make a plan list to how he or she can meet those company objectives and goals and what are the things they required to achieve those. This way thing will get easier for them and which will ensure that he or she is on the right track and can meet the company objectives. Work Ethics The author needs to have work ethics which will define his or her value to the company and their potentials. The work ethics is critical for any employee in any organization specially the leaders who are the role model for their teammates as they follow their leaders who have an exceptional work ethics. Encourage Others The author needs to develop a skill of encouraging others for their works and appreciate those who work hard and give their best to the tasks they are assigned with. This ability is critical because every leader has to encourage their teammates so that the teammates should feel that as my leader is focusing on our hard work and recognizing us all together or individually. This is some of the skills that the author needs to ensure that he or she can enhance their leadership quality by making or including these changes in their leadership styles. Conclusion The report presented here discuss the author leadership style as if its strategic and supportive for employee empowerment. Moreover, it has been observed that the author has some key abilities but also lack some of the key abilities that are required to make him or her effective leader. These abilities are discussed in this report to understand how a specific leader and his or her style are also discussed with self-evaluation analyzing. The overall idea of the report is to understand the concept of leadership and how the multiple changes can be done for a specific leader and he or her style so that it can become a great asset to the company or organization. References Ahmed, A. D., Bach, C. (2014). Major Traits/Qualities of Leadership.International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research,3(1), 47-53. Ali, M. Q., Ali, F., Ahmad, W. (2015). Role of English Language Proficiency for Leadership Qualities among Head Teachers.Journal of Policy Research (JPR),1(2), 94-99. Barry, T. R. (2015). Top 10 qualities of a project manager. Bauman, D. C. (2013). Leadership and the three faces of integrity.The Leadership Quarterly,24(3), 414-426. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., McKee, R. A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 63-82. Gmelch, W. (2016). The 3 Cs of Effective Department Leadership: Communication, Conflict, and Collegiality. Hackman, M. Z., Johnson, C. E. (2013).Leadership: A communication perspective. Waveland Press. Mitgang, L. (2012). The Making of the Principal: Five Lessons in Leadership Training. Perspective.Wallace Foundation. Ng, D. F. S., Nguyen, D. T., Wong, B. K. S., Choy, W. K. W. (2015). A review of Singapore principals leadership qualities, styles, and roles.Journal of Educational Administration,53(4), 512-533. Tobin, P., Richard, N., Harrington, S., Remy, A., Michaud, A. (2014). Leadership qualities and characteristics in the Manchester, NH immigrant community. Wilson, J. (2012). Transformational leadership, corporate communications and global brands.

The American Revolution Essay Example For Students

The American Revolution Essay 3.0 Chronology of Major Events in this Period1760 1820 The reign of George III1765 Stamp Act; Stamp Act Congress Meets in New York; Quartering Act1766 Stamp Act Repealed by Parliament; Quartering Act. 1767 Townshend Duties Passed; Dickinson’s Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania published. 1768 British Troops sent to Boston. We will write a custom essay on The American Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 1770 Townshend Duties Repealed; Except for Duty on Tea; Boston Massacre. 1772 The Gaspee Affair. 1773 Tea Act Imposed; Boston Tea Party. 1774 Coercive or Intolerable Acts; Continental Congress Meets in Philadelphia. 1775 Battles of Lexington and Concord; second continental Congress meets at Philadelphia;George Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army; Battle of Bunker Hill. 1776 Thomas Paine’s Common Sense; Declaration of Independence;1777 Articles of Confederation adopted by the Congress, but not ratified by all States until 1781. 1778 U.S. concludes Military Alliance and Commercial Treaty with France. 1781 Cornwallis surrenders to Washington at York Town, Virginia. 1783 Treaty of Paris signed with Britain. History Essays

US ELECTION essays

US ELECTION essays The rules of US Constitution specifies that a president must be elected every four years. Candidates must be at least 35 years old and a US citizen born in the USA. American politicians say the way they elect their president is one of the most open and democratic processes in the world. But to outsiders it can also be one of the most baffling. The election race in some countries takes just a few weeks, but US presidential candidates undergo a political marathon, negotiating primaries, party conventions and an electoral college system along the way. The primary is the first step in choosing a partys presidential candidate. In most countries, the party picks the candidates. But in US, voters who declare support for one party or another get to choose from the list of candidates. The candidates, campaigning against other members of the same party, must win enough state primaries to give them a majority of delegates at the party convention in the summer. Some states, such as lowa, use a caucus system rather than primaries to choose their delegates. Whereas in primaries people simply indicate at the ballot box which delegates they support, caucuses (the word derives from an Indian word for a gathering) are more complex and work by selecting delegates through a number of stages. By the stage of the convention, the party normally knows who has won. The delegates from each state formally choose their champion to go forward as presidential candidate. The winning candidate also names a vice-presidential running mate. Policies are refined during the campaign. And there is heavy spending on nationwide television publicity, and there are usually televised debates between the candidates. In the final weeks, the contenders typically concentrate their attention on the big so-called swing states as they battle it out for the critical electoral college votes. The election takes place on the first Tuesday in November and t...

Weber's and Marx Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Weber's and Marx Capitalism - Essay Example This so-called Protestant ethic was the primary impulse for an almost accidental massive social phenomenon that led to the emergence of capitalism. Weber postulates that the unique characteristics of Protestantism and Calvinism were responsible for enabling society to absorb and embrace the capitalistic economic model. In his introduction he writes, A glance at the occupational statistics of any country of mixed religious composition brings to light with remarkable frequency a situation which has several times provoked discussion in the Catholic press and literature, and in Catholic congresses in Germany, namely, the fact that business leaders and owners of capital, as well as the higher grades of skilled labor, and even more the higher technically and commercially trained personnel of modern enterprises, are overwhelmingly Protestant. This is true not only in cases where the difference in religion coincides with one of nationality, and thus of cultural development, as in Eastern Germany between Germans and Poles. The same thing is shown in the figures of religious affiliation almost wherever capitalism, at t he time of its great expansion, has had a free hand to alter the social distribution of the population in accordance with its needs, and to determine its occupational structure. The more freedom it has had, the more clearly is the effect shown. It is true that the greater relative participation of Protestants in the ownership of capital, in management, and the upper ranks of labor in great modern industrial and commercial enterprises, may in part be explained in terms of historical circumstances, which extend far back into the past, and in which religious affiliation is not a cause of the economic conditions, but to a certain extent appears to be a result of them. Participation in the above economic functions usually involves some previous ownership of capital, and generally an expensive education; often both (1). This thesis (convincingly dubbed 'The Weber Thesis'), based on observations as to the distribution of Protestants in the capitalist world, essentially submits the enterprising and comparatively risky Protestant nature (perhaps a product of the then-fresh Protestant revolution) translated from the religious to the economic world, responsible for the development of the capitalistic economic model. This analysis has met with criticism from a number of academic minds. R. H. Tawney, one distinctive and well-known critic, agreed that capitalism and Protestantism were linked; however, in Religion and the Rise of Capitalism Tawney writes that Protestantism adopted the risk-taking, profit-making model from capitalism, and not that capitalism adopted these traits from Protestantism (Tawney, 1926). Sandra Pierotti continues, "The strongest connection that Tawney saw between capitalism and Protestantism was rationality. Protestantism was a revolt against traditionalism and as such advocated rationality as an approach to life and business. Tawney proposed that the rationality inherent in capitalism became a tenet of Protestantism because rationality was diametrically opposed to the traditionalism of Catholicism. Early Protestant leaders recognized that hard work and rational organization of time were capitalist virtues which fit very nicely into the concept of living one's life in the service of God. Tawney saw the capitalist concepts of division of labor and planned accumulation as being reflected in the dogma of Protestantism which urged its followers to use one's calling on earth for the greater glory of God.